manaus                 package:boot                 R Documentation

Average Heights of the Rio Negro river at Manaus

Description:

     The 'manaus' time series is of class '"ts"' and has 1080
     observations on one variable.

     The data values are monthly averages of the daily stages (heights)
     of the Rio Negro at Manaus.  Manaus is 18km upstream from the
     confluence of the Rio Negro with the Amazon but because of the
     tiny slope of the water surface and the lower courses of its
     flatland affluents, they may be regarded as a good approximation
     of the water level in the Amazon at the confluence.  The data here
     cover 90 years from January 1903 until December 1992.

     The Manaus gauge is tied in with an arbitrary bench mark of 100m
     set in the steps of the Municipal Prefecture; gauge readings are
     usually referred to sea level, on the basis of a mark on the steps
     leading to the Parish Church (Matriz), which is assumed to lie at
     an altitude of 35.874 m according to observations made many years
     ago under the direction of Samuel Pereira, an engineer in charge
     of the Manaus Sanitation Committee Whereas such an altitude
     cannot, by any means, be considered to be a precise datum point,
     observations have been provisionally referred to it.  The
     measurements are in metres.

Source:

     The data were kindly made available by Professors H. O'Reilly
     Sternberg and  D. R. Brillinger of the University of California at
     Berkeley.

References:

     Davison, A.C. and Hinkley, D.V. (1997) _Bootstrap Methods and
     Their Application_. Cambridge University Press.

     Sternberg, H. O'R. (1987) Aggravation of floods in the Amazon
     river as a consequence of deforestation? _Geografiska Annaler_,
     *69A*, 201-219.

     Sternberg, H. O'R. (1995) Waters and wetlands of Brazilian
     Amazonia: An uncertain future. In _The Fragile Tropics of Latin
     America: Sustainable Management of Changing Environments_,
     Nishizawa, T. and Uitto, J.I. (editors), United Nations University
     Press, 113-179.

